腹壁可触及肿物的超声识别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 疣尿管肺部A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )疣尿管肺部出自疣和胃间，多半位于疣尿管的下1/3 ，但也可出自仅位于疣下。这些肺部可展示出为完全无回声或低回声。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 三幅11A，疣尿管肺部，此肺部已受染病，内部含黯淡回声的液体。B，疣尿管肺部，紧绷的肺部前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis子宫粘液特异特质Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).十二指肠子宫粘液特异特质是子宫做手术的长期合并症，无一般来说展示出，但可于以前手术的瘢痕三处见一连续性肿物，并有瞬时的疼痛和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 三幅12 ，剖宫产伤疤三处子宫粘液特异特质

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 十二指肠血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生于头痛特质呕吐后、喷嚏或抑郁症头痛后，其根本原因多半是抗凝疗法或出血特质传染病。由于血肿容许于腹直肌鞘内，多半不很大，其形状根据所三处位置而定，在弓状新线以上，血肿常为淡黄色，公转周期呈上下斜向，可于一侧从未见过（三幅13A）；在弓状新线以下，由于腹白新线缺如，可扩展行进中新线，因此血肿展示出为分锯齿状，其最大长度位于居中上。在男婴十二指肠血肿可出自疣上斜向扩展（三幅13B、C）。术后弥散特质血管内免疫的病人可于十二指肠手术瘢痕附近从未见过大的血肿（三幅13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 三幅13A，一中年妇女剧烈呕吐后腹直肌鞘血肿，箭头请示腹横筋膜。B，男婴十二指肠血肿。C，一男婴疣微血管附着三处上面的十二指肠血肿。UV，疣微血管。D，一弥散特质血管内免疫的剖宫产术后病人胸部三处十二指肠血肿。

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